![]() ![]() Motivated by the need for practical suggestions for raising proficiency assessment standards in SLA research, it exemplifies the approach by validating two distinct score interpretations for a new Russian Elicited Imitation Test (EIT). The book introduces the reader to an argument-based approach to validity as a way to improve test validation in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. Phillips), discussions of proficiency testing in the government and academic contexts and "Issues in Writing Proficiency Assessment," including "The Government Scale" (Martha Herzog) and "The Academic Context" (Anne Katz), which look at an unexplored area in proficiency testing. Thompson, and David Hiple), which examines the relevance and appropriateness of proficiency testing theory and practice for less commonly taught languages "Issues in Reading Proficiency Assessment", including "A Framework for Discussion" (Jim Child) and "Interpretations and Misinterpretations" (June K. Clark and John Lett), a discussion of research considerations and needs in proficiency testing "Issues Concerning the Less Commonly Taught Languages" (Irene Thompson, Richard T. Finally, four hypotheses are presented to guide future research into the effect of frequency on understanding minimal pair pronunciations.Ī collection of essays on current issues in the field of second language proficiency assessment includes: "The Unassimilated History" (Pardee Lowe, Jr.), which chronicles the development of proficiency testing "A Research Agenda" (John L. We suggest that these four categories are likely to be true of all minimal pairs with other sound contrasts found in pronunciation teaching materials. Finally, four patterns of frequency were found in the data. Third, it was unusual for minimal pairs to occur with one content word and one function word. Second, a surprising number of minimal pairs were potentially of the same lexical category (14/26). First, half of the minimal pairs examined included at least one member that was extremely unlikely to occur in the corpora. Frequencies of the words were calculated for two different corpora of spoken English: A section of the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English and the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE). These sound contrasts were used because they typify low and high functional load contrasts, according to Brown (1988). Minimal pairs were collected for 26 minimal pairs of two typical pronunciation targets and related contrast sounds in ESL textbooks, /θ/ vs. This study examines the frequencies of minimal pairs in English pronunciation teaching materials in order to examine whether miscommunication may be a result of frequency of use. One assumption underlying the use of minimal pairs is that mispronunciations in these words are likely to lead to misunderstandings. Minimal pairs, such as ship/sheep and think/sink are used in basic linguistics courses, theoretical phonology, and pronunciation teaching. Reliability and validity are addressed in the subsequent two sections, and the ninth section discusses the equating of the two test forms. Section six includes a description of the field test administration, a psychometric analysis of the field test version of the instrument, and a description of revisions made in the final version following field testing. ![]() The fifth section is a description of the field test sample, based on data gathered on the background questionnaire and self-assessments. The third describes development of the two pilot test forms, and the fourth describes development of associated data collection instruments, including the examinee background questionnaire and self-assessment instruments. The second provides a general description of the operational version of the Listening Summary Translation Exam in Taiwanese. The first discusses the language itself and gives other relevant information on the project. ![]() The report is presented in nine sections. The language and topics of the exam are representative of conversations that federal law enforcement or intelligence agencies may need to monitor in this language. The report details development and validation of a test designed to assess the ability to comprehend and summarize, in English, recorded conversations spoken in Taiwanese.
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